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Registros recuperados: 39
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Anomalies de croissance de la coquille de Crassostrea gigas dans le bassin de Marennes -Oléron. Bilan de toris années d'observation ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Berthome, Jean-paul; Polanco Torres, E.; Alzieu, Claude; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Razet, Daniel; Garnier, Jacqueline.
The appearance and changes of the oyster shell's gelatinous bags have been monitored since 1979. The increase in thickness that causes the growth into a "ball" can be explained by an overproduction of gel. The various environmental factors that can intervene in the secretion of gel are successively examined.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Oysters; Shell; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Coquille; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/acte-2943.pdf
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Biodragages - Protocole de suivi de l'efficacité et de l'impact potentiel ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Andral, Bruno; Bassoulet, Philippe; Gourmelon, Michele; Le Quillec, Régis; L'Yavanc, Jacky; Quiniou, Francoise.
Les traitements in situ des sédiments, ou biodragages, consistent à disperser à la surface ou à injecter dans le sédiment des produits pulvérulents sur lesquels sont fixées des bactéries capables de dégrader les matières organiques. Peu de données expérimentales sont disponibles quant à l'efficacité et à l'impact de cette pratique qui, bien qu'utilisée dans certains milieux d'eau douce, n'a pas fait l'objet de réelles applications en milieu marin. L'offre de service de quelques opérateurs et la demande des gestionnaires des ports, ne peuvent être prises en considération, faute d'une connaissance approfondie des avantages et inconvénients de telles techniques. Il nous est donc apparu nécessaire de définir et de proposer, aux Services en charge des...
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Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15121/12457.pdf
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Choix de products pour lutter contre la pollution du milieu marin par les hydrocarbures. III. Toxicite relative de produits a antipetrole sur deux organisme marins. ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude.
The necessity to combat oil slicks makes it necessary to assess the relative effectiveness and toxicity of dispersal agents used. This is usually done by using individual or groups of indicator organisms. The theory behind the various approaches is outlined, and some considerations are listed for the choice of technique. 2 organisms were chosen - the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea), and the phytoplankton alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, on which if feeds - and the oyster closing reaction, and level of inhibition of growth under the influence of irritant products was measured. Methods are described, and the results shown for emulsifying, agglomerating and precipitating products. The results are discussed, and the mode of interference of the products...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Choice of technique; Phytoplankton; Organisms; Toxicity; Oil spills; Pollution.
Ano: 1972 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1972/publication-2073.pdf
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Contamination des coquillages des côtes bretonnes et normandes par une algue unicellulaire toxique (Dinophysis acuminata). Evolution, nature, conséquences ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Lassus, Patrick; Maggi, Pierre; Poggi, Robert; Ravoux, Georges.
On the 21st of June 1983, the I.S.T.P.M. notified the Head of the French Marine Affairs for the Bretagne-Vendée area about the presence of a toxic phytoplanktonic organism in the waters of the Bay of the Vilaine which could cause gastrointestinal intoxications to shellfish eaters. Simultaneously, the Departmental Management Service of Social and Health Affairs (DDASS) of the Loire-Atlantique region reported numerous intoxication cases caused by the consumption of shellfishes. [...]
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Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/rapport-4577.pdf
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Contamination du dauphin bleu et blanc de Méditerranée Stenella coeruleoalba par les composés organochlorés ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Duguy, Raymond.
The contamination levels by PCB, DDT and mctabolites were analysed in tissue of 22 dolphins. Slenella coeru/eoa/ba stranded on the Mediterrancan coast of France. The organochlorine content were more high in the blubber and liver than in the other organs. The immature animais, and particularly a new born, are more contaminated than the adults. Certains observations suggest that the health of the dolphin may be endangered if PCB level in the liver exceeds 20 mg/kg of dry freezing tissue.
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Ano: 1978 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/17029/14535.pdf
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Copper levels evolution in Arcachon bay oysters : role of the regulation on antifouling paints ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Barbier, Georges; Sanjuan, Jane.
The ban of tributyltin compounds in antifouling paints induced a strong decrease in the level of tin in Arcachon bay. At the same time, copper inputs have increased tenfold since 1982 owing to the widespread use of paints containing cuprous oxide. In spite of this large input, the statistical analysis of monitoring data (1979-1985) show a relative stability in the copper levels in Arcachon bay oysters.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cuivre; Huîtres; Bassin d'Arcachon; Peintures antisalissures; Copper; Oysters; Arcachon Bay; Antifouling paints.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00022/13291/10337.pdf
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Détermination des critères pour juger de la nuisance des produits organohalogènes vis-à-vis du milieu marin ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Le Baut, Claire; Sanjuan, Jane.
Le danger des rejets dans l'environnement de substances organiques chlorées, comme le DDT et les PCB, est connu depuis de nombreuses années. En effet, les organochlorés sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie comme solvants et dans l'agriculture comme pesticides. En raison de leur persistance dans l'environnement, de leur accumulation dans les chaînes alimentaires et de leur grande toxicité (comparée à celle d'autres polluants comme les détergents ou les hydrocarbures), ils ont été déclarés indésirables dans le milieu naturel et en particulier le milieu marin.
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Ano: 1978 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00046/15718/13120.pdf
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Dragage en estuaire et milieu marin ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude.
Port activities require continuous or occasional dredging of considerable quantifies of sediments : approximately 50 million m3 along the French coastline. A large proportion of the dredgings is authorized for dumping at sea in geographically delimited areas and following an impact evaluation of their potential harmfulness to the marine environment. The environmental risks assessment linked to dredging operations relies on knowledge related to several scientific disciplines.
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Ano: 2001 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00480/59146/61774.pdf
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Dragages et environnement marin Etat des connaissances ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Abarnou, Alain; Bassoullet, Philippe; Boutier, Bernard; Chiffoleau, Jean-francois; Crenn, Isabelle; Derrien, Annick; Erard-le Denn, Evelyne; Gourmelon, Michele; Guiliaud, Jean-françois; Silva Jacinto, Ricardo; Le Cann, Pierre; Le Guyader, Françoise; Le Hir, Pierre; L'Yavanc, Jacky; Mauvais, Jean-louis; Menard, Dominique; Michel, Pierre; Monbet, Yves; Pommepuy, Monique; Quiniou, Francoise.
Port activities require continuous or occasional dredging of considerable quantities of sediments : approximately 50 million m3 along the French coastline. A large proportion of the dredgings is authorized for dumping at sea in geographically delimited areas and following an impact evaluation of their potential harmfulness to the marine environment. The environmental risks assessment linked to dredging operations relies on knowledge related to several scientific disciplines contributing to changes in the regulations. This work, intended both for managers and for environmental scientists and engineers, is designed to take stock of the current state-of-the-art in the field of sediment contamination and related ecotoxicological hazards, along with a review of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Regulations; Management; Impact; Contaminants; Dredging; Réglementation; Gestion; Impact; Contaminants; Dragages.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1999/rapport-1040.pdf
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Ecotoxicological effects of organotin compounds on oyster culture ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Heral, Maurice.
The toxic effect of trialkyltin compounds is used in antifouling paints to protect vessels against biofouling organisrns. Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) or fluoride (TBTS) leaches by diffusion from the paint layer into the seawater. Trialkyltin compounds in aqueous solutions are resistant to hydrolysis and biodegradation, but are rapidly converted into diakyl, monoalkyl and inorganic tin by UV irradiation. As inhibiting agents of the oxidative phosphorylation, organotin compounds are extremely dangerous for aquatic organisms such as molluscs. The following estimated toxicity levels for Crassostrea gigas oyster larvae have been put forward : at 100 µg.l(1) the fecondation is inhibited, at 10 µg.l1 the already of 20 % of the eggs is affected larval development...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Toxicity; Fluoride; Tribultyltin oxide; Toxic effect; Oysters; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1984 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/publication-2931.pdf
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Effect of orgnotin compounds (TBT) used in antifouling paints on cultured marine molluscs - a literature study ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Alzieu, Claude; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc.
Organotin salts, used as antifouling substances have a deleterious effect on the environment particularly on molluscs and especially on the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas. A synthesis of the effects of tributyltin (TBT) on cultured molluscs reveals the following effects: 1) acute and chronic toxicity to the adults; 2) accumulation in the flesh 01 the adults; 3) perturbation 01 reproduction particularly fertility, mortality 01 offspring and decrease in larval growth rate; 4) decrease in the growth rate 01 juveniles and thickening 01 the shell; and 5) modification 01 the physiology al sublethal levels.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: TBT; Crassostrea gigas; Oyster; Marine molluscs; Organotin.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/publication-3016.pdf
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Effets des sels organiques de tributyletain sur l'huître adulte Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Alzieu, Claude; Caux, O.; Razet, Daniel; Garnier, Jacqueline.
The toxicity of organostannic compounds has been demonstrated for the oyster Crassostrea gigas through larval (His & Robert, 1980) and adult stages (Alzieu & al., 1980, 1981). In parallel, these authors demonstrated the accumulation of tin in experimentally contaminated oysters as well as the part played by TBT fluorides in growth disturbance (Héral & al. 1981) and oyster shell deformity (Alzieu & al., 1981). In this work, we precise the TBT fluoride toxic doses causing, after 35 days, a mortality of 100 % at a concentration of 0.5 µgl-1. In addition, the different TBT organic salts (acetate, methacrylate and fluoride) are tested and TBT fluoride appears to be the more toxic. Authors then tackle breathing and ATP measurements as stress...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Tributyletain; Crassostrea gigas; Toxicité.
Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/acte-6216.PDF
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Etude de la nocivité d'huiles polydimethylsiloxane à l'égard d'organismes marins ArchiMer
Maggi, Pierre; Alzieu, Claude.
La majorité des pays riverains de la mer du Nord, de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée se sont engagés, par différents accords internationaux, à interdire les déversements et rejets en mer de substances nocives. C'est ainsi que parallèlement à certains métaux lourds et produits organohalogénés réputés toxiques et accumulables, les composés organosiliciés font l'objet d'une interdiction d'immersion lorsqu'ils sont toxiques et non biodégradables.
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Ano: 1977 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/publication-7130.pdf
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Etude de l'épuration "in situ" d'huîtres Crassostrea Gigas contaminées par les diphénylpolychlorés ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude.
Les diphénylpolychlorés rassemblent un ensemble de substances et isomères qui possèdent un groupement diphényl sur lequel sont fixés de 1 à 10 atomes de chlore (chloro-homologues). Les formulations commerciales, caractérisées par leur teneur en chlore, sont des mélanges en proportion variable de certains chloro-homologues. Les plus connues sont les aroclor 1 248, 1 254, 1 260 titrant respectivement 48, 54 et 60 % de chlore, et les phénochlor DP4 (tétrachloré), DP5 (pentachloré) et DP6 (hexachloré). Leur grande stabilité thermique et chimique ainsi que leur insolubilité dans l'eau sont à la base de leur très large utilisation dans l'industrie comme plastifiants secondaires des peintures, vernis, matières plastiques et caoutchoucs, fluides caloporteurs,...
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Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1979/publication-7153.pdf
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Etude des mammifères marins comme détecteurs de pollution ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Duguy, R.; Babin, Philippe.
Les Mammifères marins, du fait de leur situation en fin de chaîne alimentaire, présentent un intérêt certain pour essayer de déterminer l'état du milieu marin. Il a donc paru intéressant d'étudier la contamination de celui-ci par les micropulluants en utilisant les Cétacés et les Phoques comme détecteurs de pollution. Dans ce but, un programme de recherches a été entrepris grâce aux contrats d'étude proposés par le C.N.E.X.O. de 1977 a 1980 (contrat n° 77/1649), puis en 1981 (contrat n° 81/2448).
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Ano: 1982 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26198/24218.pdf
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Evaluation des Risques dus a l'emploi des Peintures Anti-Salissures Dansales Zones Conchylicoles. ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Thibaud, Yves; Heral, Maurice; Boutier, Bernard.
The boats cruising in the oyster growing areas are protected against biofouling by paints which release toxic compounds such as copper oxide and organotins into the water. After an estimation of the inputs of copper and organotins in the "Marennes-Oleron", Arcachon (Atlantic) and Thau (Mediterranean Sea) areas, their influence on larval fixation is discussed, taking into account the tributyltin toxicity against D larvae of Crassostrea gigas. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that tributyltin produces morphological abnormalities of the shell and increases tin levels in tissues, interfering with copper and zinc metabolism. The influence of yacht ports on oyster growth and shell morphology, has been demonstrated in the field. The use of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Oyster culture; Abnormalities; Shells; Growth; Paints; Antifouling substances; Pollution effects.
Ano: 1980 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1980/publication-1905.pdf
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Évaluation des risques dus à l'emploi des peintures anti-salisures dans les zones conchylicoles ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude.
Afin de protéger la coque des navires contre l'attaque de prédateurs, la carène reçoit un revêtement de finition dont le rôle est d'éviter la fixation d'organismes divers : algues, mollusques ... . Les produits utilisés pour ce traitement, communement dénommés "peintures anti-salissures" ou "anti-fouling", contiennent des substances toxiques qui se dissolvent peu à peu dans l'eau en constituant au voisinage de la carène une barrière défavorable à la survie des organismes. Cette pratique a pour conséquence l'introduction dans le milieu marin, de manière diffuse et chronique, de substances toxiques dont l'influence sur les biotopes a été très peu étudiée. On peut donc se demander si l'emploi des peintures anti-salissures ne risque pas d'entraîner des...
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Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00046/15681/13083.pdf
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Evaluation des risques liés à l'immersion des boues de dragage des ports maritimes. Colloque de restitution des résultats du programme PNETOX, Paris 3 et 4 octobre 2002 ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Bocquene, Gilles; Delesmont, Régis; Dhainaut-courtois, Nicole; Empis, Anne; Forget, Joelle; Glemarec, Michel; Pavillon, Jean-françois; Pruvot, Chrystèle; Quiniou, Francoise.
RAPPEL DES OBJECTIFS - Les objectifs visés par l'étude à l'origine du présent contrat consistaient à proposer et réaliser une démarche d'analyse prévisionnelle des risques environnementaux applicable aux boues de dragages des ports maritimes et à leur immersion. L'objectif final était de fournir aux services portuaires et aux Cellules de la Qualité des Eaux Littorales du Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement, une méthodologie de prévision des risques environnementaux des immersions des matériaux de dragage, facilitant ainsi leur gestion.
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Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00075/18613/16166.pdf
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Evolution des teneurs en cuivre des huîtres du Bassin d'Arcachon: influence de la législation sur les peintures antisalissures ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Barbier, Georges; Sanjuan, Jane.
The ban of tributyltin compounds in antifouling paints induced a strong decrease in the level of tin in Arcachon bay. At the same time, copper inputs have increased tenfold since 1982 owing to the widespread use of paints containing cuprous oxide. In spite of this large input, the statistical analysis of monitoring data (1979-1985) show a relative stability in the copper levels in Arcachon bay oysters.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26605/25506.pdf
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Influence des Peintures Antisalissures a Base d'Organostanniques sur la Calcification de la Coquille de l'Huitre Crassostrea gigas. ArchiMer
Alzieu, Claude; Heral, Maurice; Thibaud, Yves; Dardignac, Marie-jose; Feuillet, Michèle.
Experiments in oyster-breeding areas where oyster Crassostrea gigas suffers from anomalies of calcification, show an obvious correlation between the importance of the malformation of shells and the vicinity of port areas where a great number of boats usually stay. Organotin compounds contained in antifouling paints, and more precisely Tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) induce, in experimental environment, similar anomalies to those observed in natural environment. The amounts of total tin in the tissues of oysters living in the vicinity of spots where organotin products are brought in, can reach high values, though they appear to decrease rapidly whereas the environmental contamination lessens. The authors suggest that results of organotin upon the mechanisms of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Pollution effects; Toxicity; Calcification; Fouling control; Paints.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/publication-1898.pdf
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